Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the unexpected death of an infant from an unknown cause. Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) is the unexpected death of an infant where the cause is not obvious, but can be related to the sleep environment.
Each year in the United States, about 3400 babies die from SUID. Though that number is down due to research and education, any infant death is too many!
There are ways to greatly reduce the chances of SIDS and SUID in babies. Since 1994, the USA has been educating parents with a campaign called “Back to Sleep.” Since then, the death rate from SIDS has gone from 130 per 100,000 infants down to 38 per 100,000!
Risk Factors
There are some factors that put babies at a higher risk for SIUD. Infants who are born prematurely (less that 37 weeks of pregnancy), and those with low birth weight are at risk. These are things you may not be able to control. African American and American Indian infants are also at a higher risk.
Other risk factors can be controlled. If you do not smoke or drink alcohol while you are pregnant, you lower your baby’s risk. Research also shows that it helps to get regular prenatal care through your pregnancy.
Once your baby is born, there are many things you can do to keep your baby safe.
Safe Sleep Guidelines
The “Back to Sleep” program is now known as “Safe to Sleep” because there are multiple steps you can take to help keep your baby safe.
Back to Sleep: Infants should always sleep on their backs. Never use a positioner to keep your baby on his side. Even when your baby can roll over, place him on his back to sleep.
Sleep Alone: Babies should never share a bed with anyone. Do not fall asleep with your baby in bed. Do not let siblings sleep with your baby. Twins each need their own crib. The safest place for your baby is in your room, but in her own crib or bassinet.
Firm Sleep Surface: Always put your baby to sleep on a firm mattress. Never have her sleep on a couch, chair or other cushioned surface. Do not use waterbeds, air mattresses or even sheepskin to make your baby’s bed softer.
Sleep Flat: Do not routinely allow your baby to sleep in a car seat, stroller or swing. Babies can have difficulty breathing if they sleep upright. Their heads are heavy and their airway is very flexible. This can cause trouble getting enough oxygen.
Avoid Objects in Bed: Dress your baby appropriately for the temperature and to avoid overheating. Do not use soft blankets, pillows, toys or other objects in bed with your infant. Babies should not wear hats while sleeping as this could cause overheating.
No Smoking: Nobody should smoke around your baby or in the home. Exposure to cigarette smoke is a strong factor in SIDS.
Breastfeed: Babies who do not get breastmilk in their diet are at a higher risk of SIDS. Your baby will benefit from breastfeeding, even if you need to supplement with formula. In addition, once your baby has established breastfeeding, offer a pacifier when going to sleep. Pacifier use is associated with a lower risk of SIDS.
Immunizations: Once your baby is born, make sure they get immunized. Babies who get the recommended vaccinations have a lower risk of SUID.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
When setting up a sleep area for your baby, make sure that the crib or bassinet you choose meets current safety standards. Using antique, hand-me-down items or homemade could potentially put your baby at risk. Be sure the crib slats are no further apart than 2 3/8th inches. The mattress should tightly fit in the crib. There should not be any decorative cutouts in the head or foot of the crib that a baby could get stuck in. Never use a crib missing any parts or hardware.
Crib bumpers, pillows, fluffy blankets and stuffed toys make the nursery look cute and inviting. These items never belong in a crib. The only thing that should be in the crib is your baby and a pacifier!
New parents are often tired. There are times you may be exhausted! It’s very tempting, and easy, to fall asleep with your baby on your chest or next to you in bed or on a couch. However, doing any of these things can put your baby at risk for getting trapped in cushions, soft bedding, or under you. If you feel sleepy, it’s best to put your baby in the crib right away.
Make sure all of your baby’s caregivers know the rules of safe sleep. Be aware that parents and grandparents may not know and understand the risk of SUID and SIDS.
Conclusion
SIDS and SUID can be scary. The good news is that reducing your baby’s risk is simple and inexpensive. There are many things you can do to assure your child stays safe when sleeping. Learning about Safe Sleep can put your mind at ease and help your little one sleep safe and sound!
Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board