Rabies is a highly infectious and often fatal viral disease that primarily affects mammals, including humans. The disease is primarily transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through a bite or scratch. However, it can also be transmitted if an infected animal's saliva comes in contact with a fresh wound or mucous membrane. Once the virus enters the body, it begins to replicate and make its way to the brain.
The symptoms of rabies can be severe, including fever, headache, muscle weakness, and hallucinations. As the disease progresses, infected individuals may become agitated, hypersensitive to touch and light, and may start to drool excessively. In its final stages, rabies can cause respiratory failure, seizures, and ultimately, death.
While any mammal can be infected with rabies, the disease is most commonly seen in domestic and wild animals such as dogs, cats, bats, raccoons, and foxes. In the United States, bats are the most common source of rabies in humans, and in many parts of the world, dogs are the primary source of transmission.
Rabies can also have unusual effects on infected animals. For instance, infected raccoons may lose their fear of humans and start behaving erratically, while bats may fly around during the day instead of at night, which is unusual behavior for these nocturnal animals. Infected dogs or cats may also exhibit unusual behaviors, such as difficulty swallowing or abnormal vocalizations.
It is essential to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect that you have been exposed to the virus. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which includes a series of vaccines and immunoglobulin, is highly effective in preventing the development of rabies after exposure.
While rabies can be a serious and fatal disease, it is entirely preventable through vaccination and prompt medical attention. It is critical to take precautions around wild and domestic animals and to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect exposure.
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