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samanthamartin2001
Dec 143 min read

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Disease That Goes Beyond Smoking




Introduction


Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80% to 85% of all cases. Awareness of NSCLC symptoms, risk factors and subtypes can aid in early detection, which will improve treatment outcomes. New treatments like targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and precision medicine are changing how NSCLC is treated. These advances are helping patients live longer and improving their quality of life, giving hope to many people facing this difficult disease. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise overview of NSCLC, including its symptoms, treatment and impact.

 

 

What is non-small cell lung cancer?


Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the two main types of lung cancer, with the other being small cell lung cancer. NSCLC is far more common, accounting for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. A common misconception is that only smokers are at risk of developing lung cancer. However, NSCLC can also occur in non-smokers, particularly in certain subtypes. 


The three main subtypes of NSCLC include: 


  • Adenocarcinoma:

This is the most common form of NSCLC, responsible for about 40% of cases. Adenocarcinoma typically develops in the outer areas of the lung and is known to occur in both smokers and non-smokers. It is generally slow-growing, making early detection possible with regular screening. 


  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma:

Found primarily in smokers, this subtype originates in the central part of the lungs, often near the main airways (bronchi). Like adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma tends to grow slowly but can cause significant symptoms as it progresses. 


  • Large Cell Carcinoma: 

The least common subtype of NSCLC, large cell carcinoma is fast-growing and typically develops on the outer parts of the lungs. Its aggressive nature makes it challenging to treat, especially when diagnosed in later stages. 


NSCLC can develop due to various factors, including smoking, genetic predisposition, exposure to carcinogens, and sometimes without any identifiable cause. Regardless of subtype, early detection remains crucial for improving treatment outcomes. 

 


Symptoms


The symptoms of NSCLC can vary widely between patients. While some may experience multiple symptoms, others may notice none, particularly in earlier stages. The most common symptoms include:

 

  • Pain and discomfort in the chest

  • Breathing difficulties, such as shortness of breath or wheezing

  • A persistent cough that doesn’t go away

  • Wheezing

  • Coughing up blood

 

It is important to note that these symptoms are not unique to NSCLC and can be associated with other, less deadly conditions. 



Treatment

 

The type of treatment given will be determined based on the stage of cancer, as well as the general health of the patient. Approximately 40% of NSCLC cases will have spread from the lung area by the time of diagnosis. This disease is not recognized for its high survival rates and positive outcomes, meaning it is important for doctors to come up with an effective treatment plan as soon as possible.

 

Chemotherapy, the most common anti-cancer treatment, uses powerful chemicals to kill cancer cells and prevent their spread but can also damage healthy cells, causing side effects like hair loss. Radiotherapy, a more targeted approach, uses high-energy radiation to treat cancer but may cause burns at the treatment site. Other anti-cancer therapies include immunotherapy and targeted therapy, which also offer high precision. Surgery can be carried out, which involves the partial or full removal of the affected lung to prevent spread to other organs and nearby lymph nodes.


 

This cancer is staged from 1 to 4, indicating tumour size and spread. Stage 1 is confined to the lung, while stage 4 involves metastasis to distant organs. Stage 4 patients often receive a combination of therapies and surgery to improve survival chances.

 


NSCLC is not limited to smokers; it can develop in anyone, regardless of lifestyle. While maintaining a healthy lifestyle reduces risk, no one is entirely immune to this disease. It is important to catch cancer as early as possible to prevent metastasis and to improve treatment outcomes. If you recognise any of the symptoms listed in this article, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Awareness and early intervention can make an impact when fighting against NSCLC.



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Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board

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