Raise your hand if you know someone with diabetes. As of 2021, the National Diabetes Statistics report has estimated that 11.6% of the population has diabetes, and an additional 38% of the population falls under the pre-diabetic category. Totaling those two numbers up, that's nearly half the population that is impacted by this disease.
What causes diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body's system for fighting infection attacks its own cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. Currently, scientists predict that this can be caused by genetics as well as environmental factors, such as viruses, which can trigger the disease. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body no longer responds to insulin. It is the most common form of diabetes, and it is attributed to genetics as well as lifestyle factors. There is a strong correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes, which is why lifestyle factors are considered to have a significant role in the disease.
When does someone need insulin therapy?
When individuals with diabetes reach a stage where their bodies no longer sufficiently regulate their blood sugar levels, insulin therapy becomes necessary. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can lead to the requirement of insulin therapy, and this could result from multiple reasons. For example, the body may simply not produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar levels. On the other hand, someone may be producing enough insulin, but their bodies have developed insulin resistance, which means their body no longer responds to insulin appropriately. Insulin has often been administered through a subcutaneous, or in simpler terms, an under-the-skin route. This can be problematic for people who are seriously afraid of needles, yet as of right now these medications are on the more affordable side for insulin.
What else is out there?
In 2014, the FDA approved of an insulin therapy called Afrezza, which is an inhaled version of insulin that is available. Due to the ability of the insulin to enter the bloodstream quickly through the lungs, it is fast acting with an average time of action hovering around an hour. Similarly to injectable insulin, Afrezza keeps the dosage in "units" which allows for a simpler calculation on the patient's end about what dosage is needed depending on their blood sugar levels. As appealing as this mechanism is for those who may be needle-averse, it is important to mention the drawbacks of this drug.
The first drawback of this drug is that it has been clinically tested to be incompatible with those who may have breathing problems such as asthma or COPD. Something else to be aware of is what other medications you might be taking, as there can be dangerous combinations that may lead to other issues. If you're considering trying out Afrezza, make sure you speak to your provider about any questions or concerns you may have.
Lastly—and arguably the largest drawback— is the cost. Afrezza is by far the most expensive insulin drug on the market, with prices starting at over $450 retail. Medicare recipients may be able to access the drug for free, and privately insured individuals may pay as low as $35 monthly for the prescription, but for the vast majority of the population these are inconceivable prices.
As you assess your health needs, it's crucial to acknowledge the impact of external factors like cost on the availability of treatment options. However, your health should always take precedence. If you're considering insulin medications, talk to your provider to craft a plan that best supports your well-being, and remember to advocate for yourself. While we celebrate innovative medical advancements like Afrezza, these medications can only hold so much power until they are readily accessible for all.
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Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board