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jodiedodgson
Dec 164 min read

Little Signs, Big Insights: Identifying Autism in Young Children

My best friend has a toddler who is nearly two years old and does not speak. This situation is not uncommon as some children develop their language skills later than others. However, this case is slightly different as her husband has a 10-year-old son from a previous marriage who suffers from autism. So, she is naturally wondering whether this may also be the case for her son considering that ASD (autism spectrum disorder) has been proved to be genetic and recent studies suggest that autism genes are typically inherited from the father.


Brief overview of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its prevalence


According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), ASD affects 1 in 36 children in the United States and is nearly four times more present in boys than girls. Children suffering from this disorder are faced with social communication difficulties and display repetitive behavior and sensory sensitivities. However, each child is affected differently, and autism is often referred to as the "spectrum" due to the range of different ways it can affect people. Its exact causes are not entirely clear although genetic and environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the development of this condition.


Importance of early detection and intervention


Early detection is essential to implement intervention programs such as speech, behavioral and occupational therapies while a child's brain is forming and is most adaptable. This will help to increase independence and optimize potential and therefore allow for a better quality of life when they reach adulthood.


Is Autism Genetic? What are the potential causes?


Research has shown that autism can be inherited and is, for the major part, an inherited disorder: scientists believe that up to 80 percent of a child's risk of developing it is determined by DNA. Recent studies suggest that autism genes are typically inherited from the father. Specific gene variants i.e. a permanent gene variation or mutation, can contribute to ASD.

Several environmental factors have also been identified as playing a role in the development of ASD. They include older parental age, preterm birth, medications used during pregnancy, maternal diabetes or obesity, environmental toxic agents (heavy metals, air pollution, etc.).


Signs to Look Out For


Children grow at their own pace, but it’s important to know the difference between typical and atypical developmental milestones. Some key areas to observe include:

  • Social Interaction: Look for challenges such as lack of eye contact, difficulty engaging with others, or limited emotional expressions.

  • Communication: Delayed speech, trouble understanding gestures, or repetitive use of language may indicate delays.

  • Behavioral Patterns: Repetitive behaviors, intense focus on specific objects, or resistance to changes in routine can also be signs of concern


Age-specific red flags:

  • Lack of babbling, pointing, or gestures by 12 months.

  • Absence of single words by 16 months.

  • Loss of previously acquired speech or social skills at any age.


Diagnosis Process


If you notice red flags, consult a pediatrician or developmental specialist promptly. Professionals use tools like the M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers) or ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) to evaluate developmental concerns.


Therapeutic Interventions

  • Behavioral Therapies: Programs like Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech therapy, and occupational therapy help build critical skills.

  • Parental Strategies: Encourage interaction through play, use visual aids for communication, and establish consistent routines.

  • Support Networks: Connect with support groups and autism advocacy organizations for advice and encouragement


How You Can Help Your Toddler?


At Home

Create a nurturing environment tailored to your child’s needs. Engage them in structured activities and play to promote learning and skill development.

Educational Support

Explore early intervention programs and consider developing an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) to meet your child’s needs in educational settings. Be an advocate for their growth and learning.

Emotional Support

Celebrate small victories and maintain patience. Caring for yourself emotionally and physically will enable you to support your child better.


Conclusion

Recognizing the early signs of developmental delays and taking action can have a profound impact on your child's growth and well-being. Early detection, combined with effective interventions and support, provides the foundation for your child to reach their full potential. As a parent, trusting your instincts and seeking help when needed is crucial—you know your child better than anyone.


Remember, you are not alone in this journey. From therapists and educators to support groups and advocacy organizations, there are many resources available to guide you. Celebrate every small step forward, and take pride in the effort you’re putting into your child’s development. By fostering a loving and supportive environment, you’re equipping your toddler with the tools they need to thrive, both now and in the future




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