By Katharina Cangl
HD is a condition that you can develop if you have inherited a particular genetic mutation. Over time, it may change the way you move, think, and even feel emotionally. Living with this condition can be challenging, but understanding it is the first step toward managing it effectively.
Why It Happens
If you have Huntington's disease, it means that your HTT gene has an unusual mutation. That mutation makes your brain cells produce a faulty version of a protein called huntingtin. Over time, that protein damages nerve cells in the brain and causes symptoms you might experience. If one of your parents has HD, you have a 50% chance of inheriting the same gene mutation.
Symptoms
Symptoms of HD often begin in your 30s or 40s, but they can start earlier or later in life. Following are some of the more common changes you might experience:
Physical SymptomsYou may notice that your movements become less controlled. These jerky, involuntary motions—known as chorea—can start gradually but might become more pronounced over time. Gait, swallowing, and even speech may be affected as the illness progresses.
Cognitive ChangesYou may find it harder to concentrate, plan tasks, or remember things. Eventually, it can be very difficult to think clearly, and it could impair your ability to make decisions or solve problems.
Emotional EffectsYou may experience increased anxiety, irritability, or depression. Sometimes emotional changes can seem as disabling as the physical symptoms and yet are
a vital part of your HD experience.
How You Can Be Diagnosed
If either you or your family members suspect that you have HD, your doctor will be able to confirm it. A genetic test will show if you have the mutation responsible for Huntington's. This, combined with a review of your symptoms and family history, can help you find clarity.
What You Can Do
Though there is no cure for HD yet, there are ways to make life with the condition more tolerable:
Medications: If chorea and other movements are making life difficult, drugs like tetrabenazine may help. For emotional symptoms, such as depression or irritability, your doctor may prescribe antidepressants or mood stabilizers.
Therapies: You can see physical, speech, and occupational therapists to help you stay independent as long as possible. They can help you deal with changes in mobility, communication, and daily activities.
Support Systems: Trusted persons like family members, friends, or caregivers can assist you emotionally as well as with simple tasks.
Looking Ahead
Many people wonder about new treatments. Researchers are now working on sophisticated strategies such as gene therapies and RNA-based treatments that target the very roots of HD. These studies bring hope for more effective ways to slow or stop the disease in the future.
How to Cope
Living with Huntington's disease isn't something you have to face alone. Equally important is the development of a support network: loved ones and healthcare providers can help you overcome psychological and physical challenges. You are also at liberty to connect with local or online HD support groups, which can present you with other people who understand your situation.
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