Remaining physically active can be incredibly beneficial to those diagnosed with cancer, including those undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Too much sedentary time during cancer treatment can lead to loss of body function, reduced range of motion, and muscle weakness. [2] The American Heart Association suggests 150 minutes per week of anaerobic activity or 75 minutes per week of vigorous activity to maintain a healthy heart.[1] For most patients, exercise is safe during cancer treatment and often encouraged by healthcare providers. Even those who were not physically active prior to their cancer diagnosis can begin to incorporate a regular exercise routine into their wellness regimen.
What are the benefits of regular exercise for oncology patients?
There are many positive reasons why a patient should try to remain or even start being physically active once they are diagnosed with cancer. Some of these benefits include:
Promoting cardiovascular health
Preventing/managing comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, etc.
Maintain a healthy weight
Promote better sleep
Improved mental health
Reduce Stress
Help to maintain independence
Reduce fatigue
Increase appetite
Strengthen immune system
Reduce the severity of treatment related side effects
How to incorporate exercise
Discuss with your health care provider
Before beginning a new exercise regimen, consult with your oncologist and primary care provider first. Exercise is often safe before, during, and after cancer treatment, but providers may have certain stipulations or recommendations on what is safe. All patients are different and we want to confirm what is safe for you and your body and diagnosis before starting a new exercise routine.
Start slowly
When starting to exercise, aim to start slowly. Patients that exercised prior to starting treatment may find that they do not have as much endurance as they once did. This is normal. An oncology diagnosis is a great time to try new activities. A brisk walk outside can keep you active as well as get some time outdoors. Yoga can be beneficial, as it improves strength, balance, and flexibility but is low impact. Strength training can help prevent muscle loss during treatment and also help prevent osteoporosis. Dance can be a wonderful form of cardio that can be done anywhere and can boost moral and mood. Aim to try a variety of exercise options and pick one you genuinely enjoy.
Small changes count
Not all forms of physical activity have to include putting on your sneakers and heading to the gym. Try taking your dog on a longer walk than usual to get extra steps in. Park farther away from the door the next time you go to the grocery store. Skip the elevator and take the stairs instead. Wash your car, mow your lawn, or play with your kids. These small, everyday tasks can be a great start to becoming more physically active.
Don’t forget about diet
Nutrition and exercise go hand in hand. Many cancer patients have reduced appetite or nausea which makes it difficult to eat a balanced diet, but food is what helps keep a body fueled enough to do exercise. Many cancer clinics have a dietician available that can help you develop a balanced meal plan. Also make sure you are maintaining adequate hydration before, during, and after exercise. Promote hydration with water or electrolyte beverages if needed.
Exercise in a safe environment
Ensure you are exercising in an environment that is safe for your body. If you are experiencing neutropenia, too few neutrophils which can be a sign of decreased immunity, you should avoid crowded places such as gyms or group workout classes. Many cancer treatments can also make your skin sensitive. Avoid outdoor activities during the hottest parts of the day and use sunscreen when outdoors to avoid sunburn. Initiating exercise with a family member or friend is also beneficial. This can make the activity more enjoyable and also safer if someone is with you that is aware of your medical diagnosis in case of emergencies.
Listen to your body
Remember that exercise is not one-size-fits-all, especially during cancer treatment. Some days you may feel better than others. Take breaks when needed. Some days you may feel up to strength training but some days a short walk outdoors might be challenging enough. Some days you may be too fatigued from treatment to exercise at all. Promote rest and refuel your body on these days. The amount of physical activity you can handle may vary throughout your cancer journey. Remember to be patient with yourself.
Remaining physically active can help maintain overall wellness during your cancer treatment. If you have been diagnosed with cancer and are interested in starting an exercise program, talk with your healthcare provider.
Sources
American Heart Association recommendations for physical activity in adults and kids. www.heart.org. (2024, January 19). https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-in-adults
Physical activity and the person with cancer. American Cancer Society. (n.d.-b). https://www.cancer.org/cancer/survivorship/be-healthy-after-treatment/physical-activity-and-the-cancer-patient.html Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board