What are Canker Sores?
A sharp pain in your mouth has been nagging you for some time now, and you don't know why. You look in the mirror and open your mouth, using your finger to reveal the sore spot. Doing so, you see a small, shallow ulcer on the soft tissue of your mouth. If you've ever experienced this painful sensation, you are not alone. Aphthous ulcers, also commonly known as canker sores, are a common condition estimated to affect up to 25% of the population in the United States repeatedly, according to the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. These sores are recognizable by their round form and red border, which can be painful and irritating, often hindering an individual's ability to eat or speak. This article aims to inform readers about the different types of canker sores, their symptoms, causes, and methods for treatment and prevention.
The Symptoms and Causes
Some different types and symptoms distinguish canker sores from other oral health conditions. Being informed about them can allow a person to manage and treat these painful sores effectively.
Types of Canker Sores:
Minor: The most common type, usually lasting up to 1-2 weeks. They appear small, round, or oval-shaped, with a white or yellow center with a red border.
Major: Uncommon, but larger and deeper compared to minor ones. They may take several weeks to heal and potentially leave noticeable scars.
Herpetiform: Despite the name, these are not related to herpes at all. They are typically small but appear in painful clusters.
Common Symptoms:
One or more small sores in the mouth, which usually form inside the lips, on the tongue, or on the inner cheek.
Individuals may experience a tingling sensation in the area before the sores form.
The sore's center is generally white or yellow and surrounded by a red border, turning gray over time.
Canker sores typically last a few days to two weeks before healing completely.
Swollen lymph nodes, high fever, and a lack of energy and enthusiasm in severe but uncommon cases.
Although experts are still unable to pinpoint the exact cause of canker sores, several other factors have been suggested to play a role, even in the same individual. The possible causes for canker sores may include:
An injury to the mouth from accidental biting or aggressive brushing
Physical fatigue or emotional stress
Specific food sensitivities, such as nuts, chocolate, or spicy and acidic foods
Hormonal changes
It is worth mentioning that canker sores are not contagious and should not be mistaken for cold sores, which primarily form on the surface of the lips and are caused by a herpes infection. If the sores persist, individuals should seek advice from a healthcare professional for the proper diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment and Prevention
Canker sores are a pain. Although this pain can be unbearable, some ways can alleviate and treat the pain. Without using tests, a medical professional can quickly diagnose a canker sore with a physical examination; however, blood tests may help determine whether any underlying medical conditions may be causing the sore.
Treating symptoms, lowering inflammation, and accelerating the healing process by preventing side effects that could impede it, like bacterial infection, are the main goals of canker sore management. Over-the-counter or prescription medications may be part of a treatment plan for canker sores.
A healthcare provider may suggest one or more of these remedies:
Topical painkillers, like benzocaine
Mouthwash that contains dexamethasone, chlorhexidine, or hydrogen peroxide
Corticosteroid ointments: hydrocortisone hemi succinate, beclomethasone, fluocinonide.
Antibiotics, such as doxycycline, are usually advised for canker sores that are recurring or returning.
Individuals with particularly severe or recurring canker sores may be referred to an oral specialist, who may recommend systemic medication as an alternative to locally applied (topical) treatment.
Maintaining Oral Health
Although they can be bothersome and inconvenient, canker sores are not harmful. Canker sores cannot be transmitted from person to person and are not triggered by infections like cold sores. A majority of patients find relief with over-the-counter remedies for canker sores. However, it is best to consult a healthcare professional if these products don't help with the symptoms. By being aware, educated, and taking preventative measures, individuals can protect their oral health and live confidently, knowing that canker sores, an irritating problem, can be treated successfully.
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Assessed and Endorsed by the MedReport Medical Review Board